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Cancer Prevention Research
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Research Article

Impact of Social Support on Colorectal Cancer Screening among Adult Hispanics/Latinos: A Randomized Community-based Study in Central Pennsylvania

Oralia G. Dominic, Vern Chinchilli, Emily Wasserman, William J. Curry, Daniel M. Kambic, Christian H. Caicedo, Amelie G. Ramirez, John A. Ochoa and Eugene J. Lengerich
Oralia G. Dominic
1Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
2Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Health and Human Development, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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  • For correspondence: Dr.Oralia@gmail.com
Vern Chinchilli
1Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Emily Wasserman
1Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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William J. Curry
1Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Family and Community Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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  • ORCID record for William J. Curry
Daniel M. Kambic
4Kambic Family Clinic, Steelton, Pennsylvania.
5Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
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Christian H. Caicedo
5Pinnacle Health System, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
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Amelie G. Ramirez
6Institute for Health Promotion Research, Health Disparities Research, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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John A. Ochoa
7Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.
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Eugene J. Lengerich
1Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
2Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Health and Human Development, University Park, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Family and Community Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
8Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.
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  • ORCID record for Eugene J. Lengerich
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0333 Published June 2020
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Abstract

In the United States, the five-year survival rate of colorectal cancer for Latinos is lower than it is for White, non-Latinos. Differences in survival are due, in part, to Latinos being diagnosed at a later stage. An ethnic gap in the use of colorectal cancer screening contributes to the difference in survival. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a targeted colorectal cancer screening intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening uptake by sex, ethnicity, and geography. We measured actual colorectal cancer screening uptake in both arms as a method to determine completion rates. We used a randomized, community-based, participatory design to test the impact of social support (intervention) on completion of a provider-recommended, take-home fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kit screening test among average-risk, urban, and rural Pennsylvania Latino adults age 50 and older not currently adherent to national colorectal cancer screening guidelines (n = 264). Participants in each arm attended a community-based educational program offered at eight sites. Among the 264 participants, 154 (58%) returned a completed usable FIT kit screening test. A higher return rate was observed among participants in the social support arm (66.0%) compared with the control (47.2%). Participants in the social support arm were statistically significant 2.67 times as likely to return a completed FIT kit. Of these, 27 (17.5%) had a positive FIT kit screening test result. The results of this study suggest that social support is an effective method to increase colorectal cancer screening rates among Latinos. Future studies should examine dissemination and implementation of community-based strategies among Latinos that include social support.

Footnotes

  • Cancer Prev Res 2020;13:531–42

  • Received July 2, 2019.
  • Revision received October 22, 2019.
  • Accepted February 27, 2020.
  • Published first March 3, 2020.
  • ©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Prevention Research: 13 (6)
June 2020
Volume 13, Issue 6
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Impact of Social Support on Colorectal Cancer Screening among Adult Hispanics/Latinos: A Randomized Community-based Study in Central Pennsylvania
Oralia G. Dominic, Vern Chinchilli, Emily Wasserman, William J. Curry, Daniel M. Kambic, Christian H. Caicedo, Amelie G. Ramirez, John A. Ochoa and Eugene J. Lengerich
Cancer Prev Res June 1 2020 (13) (6) 531-542; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0333

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Impact of Social Support on Colorectal Cancer Screening among Adult Hispanics/Latinos: A Randomized Community-based Study in Central Pennsylvania
Oralia G. Dominic, Vern Chinchilli, Emily Wasserman, William J. Curry, Daniel M. Kambic, Christian H. Caicedo, Amelie G. Ramirez, John A. Ochoa and Eugene J. Lengerich
Cancer Prev Res June 1 2020 (13) (6) 531-542; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0333
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