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Cancer Prevention Research
Cancer Prevention Research
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Review

An Integrated Approach for Preventing Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers: Two Etiologies with Distinct and Shared Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

Karam El-Bayoumy, Neil D. Christensen, Jiafen Hu, Raphael Viscidi, Douglas B. Stairs, Vonn Walter, Kun-Ming Chen, Yuan-Wan Sun, Joshua E. Muscat and John P. Richie Jr.
Karam El-Bayoumy
1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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  • ORCID record for Karam El-Bayoumy
  • For correspondence: kee2@psu.edu
Neil D. Christensen
2The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Jiafen Hu
2The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
3Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Raphael Viscidi
4Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Douglas B. Stairs
3Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Vonn Walter
1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
5Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Kun-Ming Chen
1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Yuan-Wan Sun
1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Joshua E. Muscat
5Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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John P. Richie Jr.
5Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0096 Published August 2020
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Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was the 7th most common malignancy worldwide in 2018 and despite therapeutic advances, the overall survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC; ∼50%) has remained unchanged for decades. The most common types are OSCC and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC, survival rate ∼85%). Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor of HNSCC. In the developed world, the incidence of OSCC is declining as a result of tobacco cessation programs. However, OPSCC, which is also linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is on the rise and now ranks as the most common HPV-related cancer. The current state of knowledge indicates that HPV-associated disease differs substantially from other types of HNSCC and distinct biological differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC have been identified. Although risk factors have been extensively discussed in the literature, there are multiple clinically relevant questions that remain unanswered and even unexplored. Moreover, existing approaches (e.g., tobacco cessation, vaccination, and chemoprevention) to manage and control this disease remain a challenge. Thus, in this review, we discuss potential future basic research that can assist in a better understanding of disease pathogenesis which may lead to novel and more effective preventive strategies for OSCC and OPSCC.

Footnotes

  • Cancer Prev Res 2020;13:649–60

  • Received February 27, 2020.
  • Revision received March 30, 2020.
  • Accepted May 15, 2020.
  • Published first May 20, 2020.
  • ©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Prevention Research: 13 (8)
August 2020
Volume 13, Issue 8
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An Integrated Approach for Preventing Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers: Two Etiologies with Distinct and Shared Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Karam El-Bayoumy, Neil D. Christensen, Jiafen Hu, Raphael Viscidi, Douglas B. Stairs, Vonn Walter, Kun-Ming Chen, Yuan-Wan Sun, Joshua E. Muscat and John P. Richie Jr.
Cancer Prev Res August 1 2020 (13) (8) 649-660; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0096

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An Integrated Approach for Preventing Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers: Two Etiologies with Distinct and Shared Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Karam El-Bayoumy, Neil D. Christensen, Jiafen Hu, Raphael Viscidi, Douglas B. Stairs, Vonn Walter, Kun-Ming Chen, Yuan-Wan Sun, Joshua E. Muscat and John P. Richie Jr.
Cancer Prev Res August 1 2020 (13) (8) 649-660; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0096
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Risk Factors
    • Interactions of HPV Proteins with Molecular Targets of Carcinogenesis
    • Animal Models for HNSCC
    • A Novel Mouse Papillomavirus Model for OSCC and OPSCC
    • Genetic Mouse Models for OSCC and OPSCC
    • Impact of Oxidative Stress on OSCC and OPSCC
    • Interactions of Known Risk Factors with the Oral Microbiome
    • Challenges to Disease Prevention
    • Summary and Future Directions
    • Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
    • Acknowledgments
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