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Cancer Prevention Research
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Research Article

Changes in Dietary Inflammatory Index Patterns with Weight Loss in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Catherine Duggan, Jean de Dieu Tapsoba, Nitin Shivappa, Holly R. Harris, James R. Hébert, Ching-Yun Wang and Anne McTiernan
Catherine Duggan
1Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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  • For correspondence: cduggan@fhcrc.org
Jean de Dieu Tapsoba
1Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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  • ORCID record for Jean de Dieu Tapsoba
Nitin Shivappa
2Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
4Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina.
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Holly R. Harris
1Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
5Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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James R. Hébert
2Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
4Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, South Carolina.
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Ching-Yun Wang
1Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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Anne McTiernan
1Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
5Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
6Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0181 Published January 2021
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Abstract

Dietary composition can influence systemic inflammation; higher levels of circulating inflammatory biomarkers are associated with increased risk of breast and other cancers. A total of 438 overweight/obese, healthy, postmenopausal women were randomized to a caloric-restriction diet (goal: 10% weight-loss), aerobic-exercise (225 min/week moderate-to-vigorous activity), combined diet+exercise, or control. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and energy-adjusted (E-DII) scores were derived from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and could be calculated for 365 participants with complete FFQs at baseline and 12 months. Changes from baseline to 12 months in E-DII scores in the intervention arms versus controls were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for confounders. We examined associations between changes in previously measured biomarkers and E-DII at 12 months. Participants randomized to diet and diet+exercise arms had greater reductions in E-DII (−104.4% and −84.4%), versus controls (−34.8%, both P < 0.001). Weight change had a more marked effect than E-DII change on biomarkers at 12-months; associations between E-DII and biomarker changes were reduced after adjustment by weight change. Changes in E-DII at 12 months, adjusted for weight change, were negatively associated with changes in ghrelin [r = −0.19; P = 0.05 (diet), r = −0.29; P = 0.02 (diet+exercise)], and positively with VEGF [r = 0.22; P = 0.03 (diet+exercise)], and red blood cell counts [r = 0.30; P = 0.004 (exercise)]. C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL6 levels were not associated with E-DII changes at 12 months. In conclusion, a behavior change of low-calorie, low-fat diet significantly reduces dietary inflammatory potential, modulating biomarkers that are associated with tumorigenesis, such as VEGF, but not CRP or IL6.

Prevention Relevance: Diets high in saturated fats and low in fruit and vegetable intake are associated with increased inflammation, which increases cancer risk. This study showed that changes in diet quality had effects on factors associated with cancer; however, the majority of beneficial effects were associated with weight loss rather than diet quality.

Footnotes

  • Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Prevention Research Online (http://cancerprevres.aacrjournals.org/).

  • Clinical Trial registration ID: NCT00470119.

  • Cancer Prev Res 2021;14:85–94

  • Received April 16, 2020.
  • Revision received July 2, 2020.
  • Accepted August 25, 2020.
  • Published first August 28, 2020.
  • ©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Prevention Research: 14 (1)
January 2021
Volume 14, Issue 1
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Changes in Dietary Inflammatory Index Patterns with Weight Loss in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Catherine Duggan, Jean de Dieu Tapsoba, Nitin Shivappa, Holly R. Harris, James R. Hébert, Ching-Yun Wang and Anne McTiernan
Cancer Prev Res January 1 2021 (14) (1) 85-94; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0181

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Changes in Dietary Inflammatory Index Patterns with Weight Loss in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Catherine Duggan, Jean de Dieu Tapsoba, Nitin Shivappa, Holly R. Harris, James R. Hébert, Ching-Yun Wang and Anne McTiernan
Cancer Prev Res January 1 2021 (14) (1) 85-94; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0181
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