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Research Article

Genital Powder Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8,525 Cases and 9,859 Controls

Kathryn L. Terry, Stalo Karageorgi, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Melissa A. Merritt, Galina Lurie, Pamela J. Thompson, Michael E. Carney, Rachel Palmieri Weber, Lucy Akushevich, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic, Kara Cushing-Haugen, Weiva Sieh, Kirsten Moysich, Jennifer A. Doherty, Christina M. Nagle, Andrew Berchuck, Celeste L. Pearce, Malcolm Pike, Roberta B. Ness, Penelope M. Webb, for the Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer), and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group;, Mary Anne Rossing, Joellen Schildkraut, Harvey Risch and Marc T. Goodman; on behalf of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Kathryn L. Terry
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Stalo Karageorgi
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Yurii B. Shvetsov
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Melissa A. Merritt
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Galina Lurie
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Pamela J. Thompson
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Michael E. Carney
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Rachel Palmieri Weber
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Lucy Akushevich
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kara Cushing-Haugen
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Weiva Sieh
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kirsten Moysich
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Jennifer A. Doherty
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Christina M. Nagle
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Andrew Berchuck
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Celeste L. Pearce
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Malcolm Pike
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Roberta B. Ness
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Penelope M. Webb
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
Mary Anne Rossing
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Joellen Schildkraut
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Harvey Risch
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Marc T. Goodman
1Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, 2Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School; 4Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles; 8Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Departments of 9Community and Family Medicine and 10Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 11Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 12Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 13Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; 14Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; 15Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire; 16Gynaecological Cancers Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 17University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas; and 18Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0037 Published August 2013
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Abstract

Genital powder use has been associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in some, but not all, epidemiologic investigations, possibly reflecting the carcinogenic effects of talc particles found in most of these products. Whether risk increases with number of genital powder applications and for all histologic types of ovarian cancer also remains uncertain. Therefore, we estimated the association between self-reported genital powder use and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in eight population-based case–control studies. Individual data from each study were collected and harmonized. Lifetime number of genital powder applications was estimated from duration and frequency of use. Pooled ORs were calculated using conditional logistic regression matched on study and age and adjusted for potential confounders. Subtype-specific risks were estimated according to tumor behavior and histology. 8,525 cases and 9,859 controls were included in the analyses. Genital powder use was associated with a modest increased risk of epithelial ovarian cancer [OR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.33] relative to women who never used powder. Risk was elevated for invasive serous (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09–1.32), endometrioid (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.43), and clear cell (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.52) tumors, and for borderline serous tumors (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24–1.72). Among genital powder users, we observed no significant trend (P = 0.17) in risk with increasing number of lifetime applications (assessed in quartiles). We noted no increase in risk among women who only reported nongenital powder use. In summary, genital powder use is a modifiable exposure associated with small-to-moderate increases in risk of most histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 6(8); 811–21. ©2013 AACR.

  • Received February 5, 2013.
  • Revision received April 23, 2013.
  • Accepted May 21, 2013.
  • ©2013 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Prevention Research: 6 (8)
August 2013
Volume 6, Issue 8
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Genital Powder Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8,525 Cases and 9,859 Controls
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Genital Powder Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8,525 Cases and 9,859 Controls
Kathryn L. Terry, Stalo Karageorgi, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Melissa A. Merritt, Galina Lurie, Pamela J. Thompson, Michael E. Carney, Rachel Palmieri Weber, Lucy Akushevich, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic, Kara Cushing-Haugen, Weiva Sieh, Kirsten Moysich, Jennifer A. Doherty, Christina M. Nagle, Andrew Berchuck, Celeste L. Pearce, Malcolm Pike, Roberta B. Ness, Penelope M. Webb, for the Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer), and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group;, Mary Anne Rossing, Joellen Schildkraut, Harvey Risch and Marc T. Goodman on behalf of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Cancer Prev Res August 1 2013 (6) (8) 811-821; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0037

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Genital Powder Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8,525 Cases and 9,859 Controls
Kathryn L. Terry, Stalo Karageorgi, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Melissa A. Merritt, Galina Lurie, Pamela J. Thompson, Michael E. Carney, Rachel Palmieri Weber, Lucy Akushevich, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic, Kara Cushing-Haugen, Weiva Sieh, Kirsten Moysich, Jennifer A. Doherty, Christina M. Nagle, Andrew Berchuck, Celeste L. Pearce, Malcolm Pike, Roberta B. Ness, Penelope M. Webb, for the Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer), and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group;, Mary Anne Rossing, Joellen Schildkraut, Harvey Risch and Marc T. Goodman on behalf of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Cancer Prev Res August 1 2013 (6) (8) 811-821; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0037
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