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Cancer Prevention Research
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Research Article

Rapid and Sustainable Detoxication of Airborne Pollutants by Broccoli Sprout Beverage: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial in China

Patricia A. Egner, Jian-Guo Chen, Adam T. Zarth, Derek K. Ng, Jin-Bing Wang, Kevin H. Kensler, Lisa P. Jacobson, Alvaro Muñoz, Jamie L. Johnson, John D. Groopman, Jed W. Fahey, Paul Talalay, Jian Zhu, Tao-Yang Chen, Geng-Sun Qian, Steven G. Carmella, Stephen S. Hecht and Thomas W. Kensler
Patricia A. Egner
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences and
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Jian-Guo Chen
6Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu, China
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Adam T. Zarth
4Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
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Derek K. Ng
2Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health;
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Jin-Bing Wang
6Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu, China
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Kevin H. Kensler
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences and
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Lisa P. Jacobson
2Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health;
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Alvaro Muñoz
2Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health;
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Jamie L. Johnson
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences and
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John D. Groopman
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences and
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Jed W. Fahey
3Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Paul Talalay
3Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Jian Zhu
6Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu, China
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Tao-Yang Chen
6Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu, China
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Geng-Sun Qian
6Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu, China
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Steven G. Carmella
4Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
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Stephen S. Hecht
4Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
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Thomas W. Kensler
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences and
3Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
5Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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  • For correspondence: tkensler@pitt.edu
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0103 Published August 2014
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Abstract

Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate, glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent, sulforaphane, an inducer of glutathione S-transferases (GST) and other cytoprotective enzymes. A broccoli sprout–derived beverage providing daily doses of 600 μmol glucoraphanin and 40 μmol sulforaphane was evaluated for magnitude and duration of pharmacodynamic action in a 12-week randomized clinical trial. Two hundred and ninety-one study participants were recruited from the rural He-He Township, Qidong, in the Yangtze River delta region of China, an area characterized by exposures to substantial levels of airborne pollutants. Exposure to air pollution has been associated with lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases. Urinary excretion of the mercapturic acids of the pollutants, benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde, were measured before and during the intervention using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid and sustained, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) increases in the levels of excretion of the glutathione-derived conjugates of benzene (61%), acrolein (23%), but not crotonaldehyde, were found in those receiving broccoli sprout beverage compared with placebo. Excretion of the benzene-derived mercapturic acid was higher in participants who were GSTT1-positive than in the null genotype, irrespective of study arm assignment. Measures of sulforaphane metabolites in urine indicated that bioavailability did not decline over the 12-week daily dosing period. Thus, intervention with broccoli sprouts enhances the detoxication of some airborne pollutants and may provide a frugal means to attenuate their associated long-term health risks. Cancer Prev Res; 7(8); 813–23. ©2014 AACR.

  • Received March 28, 2014.
  • Revision received May 13, 2014.
  • Accepted May 27, 2014.
  • ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Prevention Research: 7 (8)
August 2014
Volume 7, Issue 8
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Rapid and Sustainable Detoxication of Airborne Pollutants by Broccoli Sprout Beverage: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial in China
Patricia A. Egner, Jian-Guo Chen, Adam T. Zarth, Derek K. Ng, Jin-Bing Wang, Kevin H. Kensler, Lisa P. Jacobson, Alvaro Muñoz, Jamie L. Johnson, John D. Groopman, Jed W. Fahey, Paul Talalay, Jian Zhu, Tao-Yang Chen, Geng-Sun Qian, Steven G. Carmella, Stephen S. Hecht and Thomas W. Kensler
Cancer Prev Res August 1 2014 (7) (8) 813-823; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0103

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Rapid and Sustainable Detoxication of Airborne Pollutants by Broccoli Sprout Beverage: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial in China
Patricia A. Egner, Jian-Guo Chen, Adam T. Zarth, Derek K. Ng, Jin-Bing Wang, Kevin H. Kensler, Lisa P. Jacobson, Alvaro Muñoz, Jamie L. Johnson, John D. Groopman, Jed W. Fahey, Paul Talalay, Jian Zhu, Tao-Yang Chen, Geng-Sun Qian, Steven G. Carmella, Stephen S. Hecht and Thomas W. Kensler
Cancer Prev Res August 1 2014 (7) (8) 813-823; DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0103
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